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When the average six-year-old
child enters first grade, he or she already knows the meaning
of about 26,000 words. They may not use all of those words themselves,
but they understand what the words mean when they hear them.
The goal of many first grade reading programs is to teach the students to read
between 200 and 600 common words by the end of the school year. Sadly, over half
of them can’t even read 100 words by the time they finish first grade.
In fact, many of them never learn to read well
at all. In the United States, over half of the adults can’t
read material written at the sixth grade level.
How did this come to pass? The answer lies in
the fact that John Dewey, the “Father of Progressive
Education” and Arthur Gates, an influential educator,
changed the way reading was taught in this country. Before
these changes were made everyone who attended school learned
to read in a very short time. In our large cities, over 90
percent of the adult population could read anything written
in our language. Dewey and Gates proposed that our schools
abandon the method that had been used to teach reading ever
since reading was first invented. As a result, we now have
an epidemic of poor reading in this country.
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Millions of children and adults are paying a terrible price
because of what these men and other educators of their time
did. It is imperative in a country as large and diverse as
ours that everyone learn to read well. Yet many of our citizens
are severely handicapped because they have not been taught
to read by the only method that works every time.
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Click on this web link. Then click on your state. Proficiency means a student reads and understands material at grade level. Below proficiency or basic means they can read but not at grade level. http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pubs/stt2005/20064524.asp
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Click here to see how Academic Associates can be a key ingredient to building a stronger black community. |
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Our only hope of putting America back on the right track
is to return to teaching reading by the method that has worked
for thousands of years. It is called phonics, and if it were
properly used in the schools of America today,
those six-year-old students would be able to read 35,000
to 40,000 words by the time first grade was over.
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A while back we enrolled a nine year-old boy who has suffered through four so-called phonics programs, none of which worked. He is now reading books on his own for the first time. He is making stellar progress, and his mother constantly refers other students to us.
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| In the United States, approximately
40 to 45 percent of school aged children are below grade
level in reading.1 Of
the 40 percent who have difficulty with reading, approximately
80 percent are boys.2 Male
and female brains, while similar in many respects, often function
differently
when processing the same or similar
tasks. This is a result of physiological differences in the
neural architecture of the brain over which neither the male
nor female has any conscious control. These differences are
graphically illustrated by magnetic resonance images taken
during various activities. Brain
activation patterns show that males process reading in a
relatively small area in the left hemisphere of the
brain, while females typically process reading in significantly
larger areas of both sides of the brain.3
We also know that females are typically better able to infer,
that is, to draw conclusions from intuitive, inferential
stimuli or incomplete data, than are males. Males, especially
those who have difficulty with reading, do not generally
have the ability to draw conclusions from inference or extrapolation.
Those in this group require a directed, factual approach
in order to arrive at conclusions.
The male in the 40 percent group is generally
unable to draw abstract conclusions, and is thus unable to
infer
that letters are
symbols that stand for sounds. He must be taught every possible
sound
represented
by each letter and combination of letters, plus dependable
rules that govern the sounds those letters make. Until he
learns this, he will have difficulty reading.4
The females in this group process very similarly
to the males. They too have
difficulty making the necessary inferences. That is why they
benefit greatly from a phonological approach that covers
the 44 sounds of American English.
For a complete understanding of how our alphabetic system
works, the child must have a thorough grasp of this information:
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1. The ability to analyze words into phonemes.
2. The knowledge that these phonemes occur in all words.
3. The knowledge of which letter symbol represents which phoneme.
4. The understanding that there is a consistent relationship
between each phoneme and a letter across all positions
in a word and across all words (transitivity). The letter
b stands
for the phoneme /b/ in the word ‘big,’ and
also for /b/ in the word ‘bat,’ and also for
/b/ in the word ‘tub.'5
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| The Academic Associates Reading Program
is designed to address the problem in a simple straightforward
manner.
Students are given the phonetic skills to master over
90 percent of the million words in the English language.
In Marcia D’Arcangelo’s
very recent interview with Sally Shaywitz, professor of pediatrics
at the Yale
Child Study Center, she posed this predicament:
“Educators are vitally interested in
information that can help them teach reading. Many middle
school and high
school teachers haven’t been taught how to teach reading.”
Dr. Shaywitz’s reply contained, “…This
[scientific] evidence supports the fact that reading is part
of language. To read, we have to break up spoken words into
smaller units, understand that letters represent sounds,
have a knowledge base, have a vocabulary, and have the motivation
and enjoyment."6
When you are trained in teaching the
Academic Associates Reading Program you will have the skills
necessary to teach
anyone to learn to read. Elementary teachers know a lot about
reading but have never been taught a program that works every
time. We do for you what no university or teacher’s
college can do.
In our reading program we build on the first
three stages of reading development. 7 Our students begin with initial
decoding. An understanding of the phonetic structure of the
English language is a must if a poor reader is to become
a good reader.
We then move into fluency where the decoding
becomes both accurate and rapid. This frees up attention
for higher-level reading
comprehension skills.
Reading for meaning becomes one of understanding
the content. It is during this stage that students expand
their knowledge
base. Students who are reading below grade-level lack significantly
in their knowledge base.
After students learn to sound out and pronounce words, they
are taught simple, effective techniques for understanding
what they read. Reading becomes a logical, uncomplicated
process.
By lesson 13, most fourth-graders through adults
read and spell college-level words, and comprehend material
at their
own grade level or higher.
This is usually accomplished in 30 to 60 hours.
Out of the thousands of students and adults who have been
through the Academic
Associates Reading Program, every one has learned to read
and, typically, progressed 2 to 5 grade levels in their reading
ability.
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1This is
based on the 1994 NAEP’s reading
exam of 4th graders, and Education Week 9/16/98.
2Scientific American, "Dyslexia",
by Frank R. Vellutino March 1987 page 39.
3Scientific
American, "Dyslexia", by Sally E. Shaywitz A new model
of this reading
disorder emphasizes defects in the
language processing rather than the visual system. It explains
how language is processed November 1996.
4 Ibib.
5 "Why Our Children
Can’t Read",
by Diane McGuiness, The Free Press 1997 page 174
6 Educational
Leadership, "Learning About Learning to Read", by Marcia
D’Arcangelo,
October 1999 pages 26-31.
7 Journal
of Learning Disabilities, "The Effect of Early Reading
Failure on Acquisition of Knowledge
Among Students
with Learning Disabilities", by Vicki Snider & Sara
Tarver June/July 1987.
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